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Age New Year’s Eve as a protest

The date of the old Sylvester is in Urnäsch Waldstatt and the last remnant of a self-resistance to the Gregorian calendar reform. In Appenzell, the calendar reform was introduced in 1584, respectively 1789th The Urnäsch Silvesterkläuse but still occur today at the 13th January on, as a separate part of the protest Ausserrhoden people, let the command does not know when it would have to celebrate his feast.

In the second half of the 16th Century limped the Julian calendar, named after Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force, the real time at ten days after. Because over the course of the celestial mechanics of the actual astronomical given solar year, which lasts 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds, his year was just over 11 minutes long.

The problem was recognized already in the Council of Nicaea (325), and the Councils of Constance (1414-18) and Basel (1431-48) dealt with the matter. Proposed reforms also Rabanus Maurus (c. 840), Roger Bacon (1263/65) and Nicholas Copernicus (1514 before). It was not until Pope Gregory XIII. (1572-85) announced on 24 February 1582, the reform of the faulty calendar.
The contents of the calendar reform

The content of the reform consisted in the omission of 10 days. 1582 should be on the 4th October 15, October follow. The residue of the calendar to the sun could thus finally be caught up, and the spring equinox, which for the calculation of Easter is so important it would be, then again to 21 Back in March.

To prevent future errors, the years may 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100 etc. not be leap years. Those years, but by 400 (without rest) are divisible, will continue to be leap years. It was not until 3333 years in the new calendar, an error will be increased by one day.
Adoption of the calendar

Only a few countries such as Spain and Portugal took over the new calendar actually on 4./15. October 1582. Most Catholic countries of Europe followed in the next few years, while the Protestant countries of the new calendar, as decreed by the Pope, at first refused.

The reform sat down with them, as in Orthodox areas of late, most recently in 1924 in Romania. Even in Switzerland, the reform of the calendar to a bone of contention between the confessions.

In Catholic areas such as Uri, Schwyz, Lucerne (including Freiamt), train, Fribourg, Solothurn, Appenzell and St. Gallen (pen and Fürstenland) wrote one in 1584 after 11 January 22 January.

In Unterwalden is the enactment of the reform (2./13. May 1584) only for Obwalden secured. It was only in 1812 joined in Switzerland with Sent, Schiers, Grüsch Avers and the Reformed churches the last new calendar.

Reform in the Appenzell

Something complicated were the conditions in the joint country Appenzell. On 8 January 1584 decided in Appenzell two-time district administrator as the implementation of the Catholic cantons. However, it was not always so adjusted quickly to the new era.

The most likely still in the parish register of Appenzell, where, however, on 12 A baptism was registered in January. Correctly, however, was there the next entry on 23 Made in January. Landamman Joachim Meggeli sealed even conceded a document on 14th January.

While dated, the country clerk in March after the new calendar, was the treasurer, as the two previously mentioned, a Catholic, solid at its entries in the country still accounts at the old custom. According to P. Rainald Fischer will be the new calendar in the Catholic inner Rhoden have prevailed in April, but not in the reformed outer Rhoden.

There was the most violent disputes in the areas which were kirchgenössig the Rhine Valley, which was still the old calendar. The preachers were supported by Zurich against this innovation storm, which had nothing to do with the faith, just because they came from a Pope.

The reason they have several times summoned before the Council, as is evident from some of the entries in the financial sources. The main people from the outer Rhoden and part of the people found themselves with the new era, but more easily, but they expressed strong interest, the holidays, Kilb and fairs on the same day to start as the Catholics. After comparing the tempers calmed down, and in the following years also saw the Ausserrhoden in the Gregorian calendar.

Final elimination

Decided in 1589 but the external Rhoden, again to remain with the old calendar. The decision goes back to the emergence of sectarian tensions after 1586, as the gegenrefomatorischen activities of the Capuchins, and the strict interpretation of Kirchhöreprinzips of 1524 in the Kirchhöre Appenzell. Moreover, the faith agreement of 1588 resulted in a large depression in the outer Rhoden, who responded with similar measures in their territories to the Catholic minority.

The increase in the difference of the two calendar by eleven days was in Switzerland for the new believers the external reason for the reform. But the fading of denominationalism created the conditions for the execution of this step. It was decided that the year 1701, the 12th to have to start in January.

Almost all Protestant areas did. Recalcitrant showed Appenzell Ausserrhoden, the city of St. Gallen, Glarus and Graubünden Evangelical. These areas introduced the reform until 1724 or later. Ausserrhoden In the Julian calendar was only on 26 June 1798 was abolished, but still apply to Christmas.

Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alter_Silvester

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