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Olsynium is a genus of herbaceous plants, perennials, bulbs and turf belonging to the family Iridaceae. The genus includes 15 species, of which only one is native to western North America and the rest are distributed in South America to Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. The species of this genus have been frequently included in the related genus Sisyrinchium.

Description

Are perennials, herbaceous, bulbous, caespitose growth habit, which reach up to 1-4 cm tall. They have linear leaves 4-30 cm long and 1-3 mm wide. The flowers are small, less than 1 cm in diameter, is shaped like a bell, are actinomorphic, with six tepals purple or magenta, occasionally pink or white.

The three stamens are arranged symmetrically with their filaments connate to half its length. The ovary is inferior, the style has three filiform and short branches that extend between the anthers.

The flowers are arranged in inflorescences of 1-5 flowers, protected by two spathes green, leafy, subequal with the apex generally acute. The fruit is a capsule globose or ovoid and very angular brown seeds.

The plants of this genus vegetate in autumn and winter, bloom in spring and remain at rest during the summer. If they are grown from seed, they can begin to flourish in the first year. In Chile they are known as “Huilmo.”

Source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olsynium

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Ecology
The flowers of sharp Wall pepper are incomplete leading chiefs nectar disc flowers. The stamens bend for dusting the center. The nectar is easily accessible. The flowers are mainly visited by flies and Hymenoptera. Spontaneous self-pollination is successful. The petals cover the sides in the bud.

The fruits will open in wet conditions (hydrochas),. The plant is a typical Regenballist, hurl ie rain drops feilspanförmigen the seeds out, which are then spread out as Regenschwemmlinge further. Even ants contribute to the dissemination of seeds. A vegetative propagation is possible by slightly bewurzelnde parts of the stalk.

Use
The sharp Wall pepper as an ornamental plant is very suitable for example for green roofs, and also recommended for wild gardens.

Already 300 BC. Sedum acre was used as a medicinal plant. 70 AD, the Greek physician Dioscorides describes the use of irritating and caustic sap of the plant. In the 16 Century, the plant is mentioned in several herbal books, among others Lonicerus, Matthiolus and Dodoneaus. In the following years, using famous physicians such as Albrecht von Haller and Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland the plant as a remedy. Attempts by the French toxicologists Mathieu Orfila the toxicity of Sedum acre detected. By animal experiments, the pharmacologist has recently in 1888, which represents the plant is an absolute poison to the central nervous system. He isolated an alkaloid which he named Sedin. 1945 allowed the Canadians Marion nicotine Sedamin few volumes and the first to isolate Sedumalkaloid,. Afterwards, many other alkaloids have been found in the plant. Another group of the drug were sharp Wall pepper in the 20th Flavonoids and their glycosides centuries discovered and proven.

Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scharfer_Mauerpfeffer

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Wallflowers (Matthiola) are a genus of the family of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae). The home areas are chiefly in the Mediterranean and in Asia, there are few species in the Capensis.

Of a few species there are many varieties, which are used as bedding and balcony plants or for the purpose of cut flowers.

Description

Matthiola species are perennial herbaceous plants reach up to one year or Shrubs that height 10-80 inches. The alternate and spirally arranged on stem leaves are stalked at least very briefly.

The leaf blade is smooth, sinuate to pinnatifid. The leaf margin is smooth, perforated or serrated. In some species the leaves are tomentose, gray haired. Stipules absent.

The flowers are together in spiciform or zymösen buds. Bracts lacking. The stalked, fragrant flowers are hermaphrodite with a double perianth. The four free petals are opposite kreuzgegenständig, the two inner ones are baggy at the base.

The four free, long-nailed petals have colors from white to pink to violet. It is a disc present. There are six free, fertile stamens present.

Two carpels are fused to a oberständigen ovary, which is divided by a “false septum into two chambers, with (up) three to fifty seeds. The style is in some ways hard to see it ends in scars bilobed.

The pods are 45 to 160 mm long and contain 40-100 seeds. The seeds possess broad wings or are wingless.

Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levkojen

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